Building construction pdf free download

Before placing concrete all dirt, wood chips, hardened concrete or mortar and all other foreign matter will be removed from the forms. Before fixing of form work, detailed drawing will be submitted to the engineer for approval.

Before placing concrete all formwork therein will be cleaned of all extraneous material and dust and made free of any standing water. In continuing concrete, fresh concrete will be placed before the already placed concrete is less than 20 minutes. Concrete will not be dropped from a height greater than 1.

Complete Records showing the details of placing concrete in each part of the work will be maintained and will be available for inspection at the site. For this stand by units will available in the site during the period of compacting. All operators handling vibrators will be trained in their operation properly. Curing Continuous curing will be carried out in a moist atmosphere for a minimum period of 10 days and for a further period required by engineer.

Concrete area will be kept covered with hessian clothes or Polyethylene sheets which will be kept moist throughout the curing period. Construction joints. The surface of the hardened concrete will be cleaned and made free from laitance, and will also have an exposed aggregate finish.

The fresh concrete will be placed and compacted so that it bonds properly to the prepared surface of the previously laid concrete. Laitance on the surface will be completely removed from the concrete in order to achieve a good bond with fresh concrete. Between one and two hours after placing concrete, water will be sprayed gently and laitance will be removed with two brushes, one with soft and other with hard bristles. After finishing this operation, just the tips of the aggregate should be showing.

If the laitance has hardened, a wire brush will be used to remove it. Clean water will be rinsed to get rid of the dust. Crushing test will be carried out on concrete cubes formed in mm molds. Obtain MEP clearance and clearance from other specialist trades which may not be accessible after waterproofing, prior to commencing waterproofing works. Rectify non-conforming conditions prior to commencing the waterproofing works. Surface Preparation All surfaces to receive waterproofing to be clean, dry and free from dirt, dust, oil and grease.

Wall Protrusions that likely to punch through the waterproofing films to be removed either by using a chipping hammer or grinder. Prepare and level the concrete surfaces for waterproofing either by chipping, hacking or scraping the surface. Repair the excessive pinholes, and similar imperfections if any to eliminate uneven surface. Barricade the working area as to be a non trafficking passage. Raise an inspection request for surface preparation RFI prior to the waterproofing work commences.

Installation of Accessories and marking of Waterproofing Levels Immediately after the inspection use Viscose Elastic type adhesive tape at week joints and sharp edges.

Marking of waterproofing application levels can be commenced at this stage. Use suitable fasteners when required. Install waterproof level pads also to serve as guides in controlling the final thickness of the waterproof and the finished plane of the waterproofed surface, relative to the accessories installed.

Application and Protection Ensure all other trades in the said location are put on hold during the waterproof application so to protect and avoid any damage to the waterproofing layers. Apply first coat using a manual brush application uniformly at a workable consistency.

Floor application should continue to the vertical wall face up to a minimum of mm as per the project specifications. Ensure all surfaces to receive waterproofing fluid Application firmly to achieve good adhesion and to be in one continuous operation. Subsequent coats of waterproof may be commenced immediately after setting of the previous coat approximately 3 to 5 hours and as per the manufactures recommendations. Second coat should be applied at a right angle to the first coat.

Finish coats to be fairly true to the plane with a homogenous finish. Approved Bitumen Impregnated Protection Boards should be provided for protection with sufficient lapping as per the manufactures recommendation.

Footings shall be protected by 4mm thick waterproofing membrane sheets laid on concrete surfaces primed with bituthene primer. Laid sheets shall be protected from Damage by using bituminous protection boards or 40mm SRC screed concrete as horizontal protection.

Vertical faces shall be protected against damage from backfilling by using Servipak6 or equivalent protection boards. All application shall be according to manufactures instructions only.

Approval shall be obtained from the Engineer prior to commence the backfilling works. All block works executed below ground level built with S. R C cement and shall built in S. C mortar. Normal weight Hollow Blocks having a minimum compressive strength of 7.

Samples of each type of masonry unit and accessory shall be submitted to consultant for approval. Marking up of exact location of block walls and openings as per approved shop drawings shall be done before commencing the work.

Block marked areas shall be cleaned and wet before to start with the activity. Mortar mix shall comply with project specifications and QCS. One course of block only will be executed for testing and approval by the consultant. Walls shall be kept level at all times and carried up in a uniform manner. No part being raised more than mm above any adjacent unbuilt course. Horizontal joints shall be leveled all the time and vertical joints in alternate courses shall be plumb and line.

Opening frames shall be set and maintained square, plumb, true and furnished with anchors. Install reinforced concrete block lintels or GI steel lintels over openings as per approved shop drawing or cast in places as per specification. Concrete block walls and partitions shall be reinforced horizontally each second course, last top course, second and third course above lintels and below sills of opening with the required over lap.

After completing of each section of the walls, cleaning shall be done to the down surfaces and curing will start immediately. Final inspection shall be carried out for the entire work for approval of the engineer. Install beads at their locations plumbed and squared. Spray water on the wall surface and throw the spatter dash mix scratch coat by using a spatter dash manual machine in a way to form a rough layer mm thick without any attempt to level or smooth it.

The rough surface shall be kept damp with fine water spray or by covering with polyethylene sheet until it sets down. Initially, a thin coat is troweled on the scratch coat to ensure a thorough bonding at the surface.

The remainder of the render coat is then built up using wooden float to receive textured finish until the required thickness met. The newly applied external coatings shall be cured and protected against frost, heat, and rain for the first 48 hours using canvass, cloth or sheet, hung clear at the plaster surface. Moist curing by applying a fine fog spray of water, generally twice daily in the morning and evening.

Openings should be complete with the necessary reference layout. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. Herewith we listed mostly used Building Materials Books by the students and professors of top Universities, Institutions and Colleges.

LearnEngineering team try to Helping the students and others who cannot afford buying books is our aim. For any quarries, Disclaimer are requested to kindly contact us , We assured you we will do our best. Thank you. Please Note : This list is not the final book list. Other Useful Links.

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